History
Siem Reap, meaning “Siam Defeated,” refers to the victory of the Khmer Empire over the Siamese kingdom in the 17th century, though the area’s history is dominated by the Angkorian period (9th–15th centuries). Siem Reap was the gateway to the vast Khmer capital and religious center, Angkor, home to monuments like Angkor Wat . After the fall of the empire, the temples were largely abandoned and swallowed by the jungle until their rediscovery in the mid-19th century. Today, the province is central to Cambodia’s national identity and tourism industry, driven entirely by the heritage of Angkor.
Geography
Siem Reap Province is located in northwestern Cambodia. It is relatively flat and dominated by the vast, central Tonle Sap Lake, Southeast Asia’s largest freshwater lake, which significantly influences the region’s ecosystem and economy. The provincial capital, Siem Reap City, sits 7 kilometers from the Angkor Archaeological Park. The geography features fertile floodplains, rice paddies, and residual forest surrounding the temple complexes.
Climate
Siem Reap experiences a tropical wet and dry climate, characterized by two main seasons:
Dry Season (November to April): Hot and dry, with average high temperatures often reaching 35°C (95°F) in April. This is generally the peak tourist season due to the lack of rain.
Wet/Monsoon Season (May to October): Hot and humid, with high rainfall, particularly in September and October. While challenging for travel, the landscape is lush and green, and the temples are less crowded.
How to Get There
- By Air: The easiest way is via the Siem Reap–Angkor International Airport (SAI), which replaced the old airport and is located about 50 km from the city center. It offers direct flights to several major Asian cities (e.g., Bangkok, Hanoi, Singapore, Kuala Lumpur).
- By Bus/Minivan: Affordable and widely available services connect Siem Reap to Phnom Penh (about 6 hours), Battambang, and other Cambodian cities.
- By Boat (Seasonal): During the high-water season, a scenic, though sometimes slow, boat trip across the Tonle Sap Lake connects Siem Reap with Battambang.
Getting Around (Local)
- Tuk-Tuk: The most popular, convenient, and affordable way to explore Angkor Park and the surrounding areas. Drivers can be hired for full or half-day trips.
- E-bike/Scooter: Electric bicycles and scooters are a common option for independent travelers exploring the city and the park (though electric scooters are preferred within the park to minimize pollution).
- Taxi/Car: Taxis are available for longer trips or for those preferring air-conditioned travel.
What to Do
The main draw is the Angkor Archaeological Park (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), which requires a multi-day pass to fully explore. Key activities include:
- Visiting Angkor Wat: Witnessing sunrise or sunset over the iconic main temple.
- Exploring Angkor Thom: Discovering the Bayon Temple (famous for its serene stone faces) and the Terrace of the Leper King.
- Ta Prohm: Seeing the temple intertwined with massive tree roots, as featured in the Tomb Raider film.
- Tonle Sap Lake: Taking a boat trip to visit the floating villages like Kampong Phluk or Chong Kneas.
- Siem Reap City: Exploring the Old Market (Psar Chas), walking along Pub Street in the evening, and visiting artisan workshops like Artisans Angkor.
- Cultural Shows: Attending a traditional Apsara dance performance.
- Landmine Museum: Learning about Cambodia’s tragic history and the ongoing clearance efforts.
